Automatic detection and classification of the ceramic tiles’ surface defects

Highlights：

• The production process of Ceramic Tiles (CTs) includes various stages such as forming body of CTs, glazing and decorating, and firing.

• The main CTs’ defects occur in firing unit because of the many effective variables especially the temperature of kiln. For instance, these defects are combination of glaze and decorative pattern because of the exceeded air pressure in kiln, or are dimensional faults because of the improper velocity rate of roller conveyers in kiln. A sample of these defects and their reasons has been attached.

• It is very clear that the main specification of a CT is its surface quality; and in firing unit, the glaze is baked on CT’s body to create the glassed surface. Hence, the unsuitable temperature circumstance along the roller kilns effects on surfaces of CTs and causes the surface defects.

摘要

•The production process of Ceramic Tiles (CTs) includes various stages such as forming body of CTs, glazing and decorating, and firing.•The main CTs’ defects occur in firing unit because of the many effective variables especially the temperature of kiln. For instance, these defects are combination of glaze and decorative pattern because of the exceeded air pressure in kiln, or are dimensional faults because of the improper velocity rate of roller conveyers in kiln. A sample of these defects and their reasons has been attached.•It is very clear that the main specification of a CT is its surface quality; and in firing unit, the glaze is baked on CT’s body to create the glassed surface. Hence, the unsuitable temperature circumstance along the roller kilns effects on surfaces of CTs and causes the surface defects.

论文评审过程：Received 13 January 2016, Revised 22 November 2016, Accepted 23 November 2016, Available online 25 November 2016, Version of Record 12 March 2017.