Multiple periodic solutions for impulsive Gause-type ratio-dependent predator–prey systems with non-monotonic numerical responses

摘要

This paper investigates the existence of multiple periodic solutions for impulsive Gause-type ratio-dependent predator–prey systems with non-monotonic numerical responses and time delays. Some sufficient conditions are derived by using the continuation theorem of coincidence degree theory and analysis technique. As corollaries, some applications are listed. In particular, the presented criteria improve and extend many previous results in the literature.