Computational simulation of surface tension and gravitation-induced convective flow of a nanoliquid with cross-diffusion: An optimization procedure

Highlights：

• The conventional model for thermo-solutal mixed Marangoni flow is modified by incorporating the solutal buoyancy force effects.

• The nanoliquid is modeled by considering experimentally estimated properties.

• The conventional thermosolutal and thermal Marangoni flow cases can be obtained as a limiting case of the present problem.

• The dynamics of the nanoliquid flow are visualized for the buoyancy-assisted and opposed flow cases.

• The optimum levels of heat and mass transport is obtained at the high level of thermal radiation and the low levels of the cross-diffusion aspects.