The multimodal nature of Snapchat in close relationships: Toward a social presence-based theoretical framework

Highlights：

• The use of Snapchat, a multimodal tool, can predict day-to-day relational closeness.

• Multimodal media are more strongly associated with closeness than monomodal media.

• Snapchat use increases social presence and closeness in most relationship types.

• The study provides support for developing a social presence-based theoretical framework.

• Multimodal communication technologies are more conducive of relational maintenance.