Beyond expert systems—Reasoning, judgment, and wisdom

摘要

Artificial intelligence and expert systems have dealt primarily in the domain of logical or deductive reasoning on well-structured problems. There are, however, a vast number of managerial and other tyoe problems that require creativity, value judgments, and wisdom. As “intelligent” systems begin to be utilized by managers, new or improved methods and approaches will be required to support “rich” and value-laden problem domains. This article discusses issues and focuses attention on the nature of judgement, wisdom, and heuristics in managerial problem solving.