Design expert: An expert system application to clinical investigations

摘要

In recent years several expert systems have been developed for practical applications in applied statistical methodologies. Existing expert systems in statistics have explored several areas, e.g., the determination of appropriate statistical tests, regression analysis, and determination of the “best” experimental design for industrial screening experiments. The DESIGN EXPERT, a prototype expert system for the design of complex statistical experiments is presented here. It is intended for scientific investigators and statisticians who must design and analyze complex experiments, e.g., multi-level medical experiments with nested factors, repeated measures, and both fixed and random effects. This system is “expert” in the sense that it is able to (i) recognize specific types of complex experimental designs, based on the application of inference rules to nontechnical information supplied by the user; (ii) encode the obtained and inferred information in a flexible general-purpose internal representation, for use by other program modules; (iii) generate analysis of variance tables for the recognized design and an appropriate Biomedical Computer Programs runfile for data analysis, using the encoded information. DESIGN EXPERT can recognize randomized block designs, including lattice designs within embedded Latin Squares, crossover designs, split plots, nesting, repeated measures, and covariates. It is written in an experimental programming language developed specifically for research in Artificial Intelligence.