An intelligent system for the detection and interpretation of sleep apneas

摘要

The sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) is a respiratory disorder, which is characterised by the occurrence of five or more apneic events (apnea or hypopnea) per hour of sleep. Diagnosis of the SAS is a process that is markedly heuristic by nature, in that doctors handle information that is both numerical and symbolic, and employ qualitative descriptive terminology. An expert draws up a contextualised clinical interpretation that relates a patient's sleep process and respiratory physiology, involving a detailed analysis of the polysomnograph corresponding to a night's sleep. This task, implying a great deal of work on the part of clinical staff and a high economic cost, can in fact be partially automated. Our paper describes a modular system based on artificial intelligence techniques that provides an individual SAS diagnosis on the basis of a patient's polysomnograph. The main tasks of our system are the identification and classification of respiratory events, the construction of the patient's hypnogram and the correlation of all the information obtained so as to arrive at a final diagnosis with respect to the existence of the syndrome. Finally our article presents and discusses the results obtained following a preliminary validation of the developed system.